Nurses Compass
Drug Guide
Alogliptin Benzoate
Classification
Therapeutic: Antidiabetic agent
Pharmacological: DPP-4 inhibitor
FDA Approved Indications
- Improvement of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Mechanism of Action
Alogliptin selectively inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), increasing levels of active incretin hormones (GLP-1 and GIP), which increase insulin release and decrease glucagon levels in a glucose-dependent manner.
Dosage and Administration
Adult: Typically 25 mg once daily, with or without food. Dose adjustments may be needed for renal impairment.
Pediatric: Not approved for pediatric use.
Geriatric: Use with caution; renal function should be monitored.
Renal Impairment: Reduce dosage in patients with severe renal impairment (eGFR<30 mL/min/1.73 m²).
Hepatic Impairment: No dosage adjustment necessary.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Rapidly absorbed after oral administration.
Distribution: Low protein binding (~20%).
Metabolism: Minimal metabolism; primarily excreted unchanged.
Excretion: Excreted mainly via the kidneys (urine) and feces.
Half Life: Approximately 21 hours, allowing once-daily dosing.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to alogliptin or any component of the formulation.
Precautions
- Use cautiously in patients with a history of pancreatitis, monitor renal function periodically, and consider dose adjustments in renal impairment.
Adverse Reactions - Common
- Headache (Common)
- Nasopharyngitis (Common)
- Diarrhea (Common)
Adverse Reactions - Serious
- Pancreatitis (Rare)
- Severe allergic reactions including angioedema and anaphylaxis (Rare)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (Rare)
Drug-Drug Interactions
- Potential increased risk of pancreatitis when combined with other drugs associated with pancreatitis.
Drug-Food Interactions
N/ADrug-Herb Interactions
N/ANursing Implications
Assessment: Monitor blood glucose levels and renal function periodically.
Diagnoses:
- Risk for unstable blood glucose
- Risk for pancreatitis
Implementation: Administer once daily as prescribed, monitor for adverse reactions, especially pancreatitis.
Evaluation: Assess glycemic control and watch for signs of adverse effects.
Patient/Family Teaching
- Take medication as prescribed, once daily.
- Report symptoms of pancreatitis such as persistent severe abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting.
- Maintain regular follow-up appointments.
- Inform provider of any allergic reactions immediately.
Special Considerations
Black Box Warnings:
- Potential risk of acute pancreatitis; patients should be monitored closely.
Genetic Factors: N/A
Lab Test Interference: N/A
Overdose Management
Signs/Symptoms: Hypoglycemia, nausea.
Treatment: Supportive care; no specific antidote. Dialysis may be considered in severe cases, especially if renal impairment is present.
Storage and Handling
Storage: Store at room temperature, 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.