Nurses Compass
Drug Guide
Epinastine Hydrochloride
Classification
Therapeutic: Allergy medication (ocular antihistamine)
Pharmacological: H1-antihistamine, mast cell stabilizer
FDA Approved Indications
- Allergic conjunctivitis
Mechanism of Action
Epinastine inhibits the release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and antagonizes H1 histamine receptors, reducing allergy symptoms.
Dosage and Administration
Adult: One drop in affected eye(s) twice daily
Pediatric: Safety and efficacy not established in pediatric patients under 3 years
Geriatric: No specific adjustments, use with caution as per general ophthalmic guidelines
Renal Impairment: No specific dosage adjustment available
Hepatic Impairment: No specific dosage adjustment available
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Topically administered epinastine is minimally absorbed systemically
Distribution: Primarily localized in ocular tissues
Metabolism: Minimal hepatic metabolism, details not extensively studied
Excretion: Metabolites and unchanged drug are excreted in tears and possibly systemically in small amounts
Half Life: Not well established due to minimal systemic absorption
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to epinastine or any component of the formulation
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with ocular infections or pre-existing eye conditions; not recommended for use in contact lens wearers unless lenses are removed before administration.
Adverse Reactions - Common
- Ocular irritation, including burning or stinging (Common)
- Dry eyes (Common)
Adverse Reactions - Serious
- Allergic reactions such as swelling, eyelid dermatitis (Rare)
- Blurred vision, eyelid swelling (Rare)
Drug-Drug Interactions
- None well-documented, but caution advised with other ocular medications
Drug-Food Interactions
- None
Drug-Herb Interactions
- None established
Nursing Implications
Assessment: Assess for pre-existing eye conditions, allergies, and contact lens use.
Diagnoses:
- Risk for injury related to blurred vision or ocular discomfort
Implementation: Administer drops as prescribed, instruct patients to wash hands before application, and avoid touching the eye with the dropper.
Evaluation: Monitor for resolution of allergy symptoms and any adverse reactions.
Patient/Family Teaching
- Use drops exactly as prescribed.
- Avoid touching the dropper to eye or any surface.
- Remove contact lenses before application and wait at least 10 minutes before reinserting.
- Report any severe eye pain, redness, or swelling.
Special Considerations
Black Box Warnings: N/A
Genetic Factors: No known genetic factors affecting response.
Lab Test Interference: No known interference with laboratory tests.
Overdose Management
Signs/Symptoms: Unlikely systemic overdose due to minimal absorption; if ingested, may cause drowsiness or dry mouth.
Treatment: Supportive care; seek medical attention if ingestion occurs.
Storage and Handling
Storage: Store at room temperature, away from light and moisture.
Stability: Stable until the expiration date on the packaging.