Nurses Compass
Drug Guide
Spinosad
Classification
Therapeutic: Antiparasitic agent
Pharmacological: Neurotoxin for insects and arachnids
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of head lice infestation (Pediculosis capitis)
Mechanism of Action
Spinosad activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in insects' nervous system, leading to nerve excess stimulation, paralysis, and death.
Dosage and Administration
Adult: Apply as a 0.9% suspension directly to dry scalp hair, ensuring complete coverage. Leave on for 10 minutes, then rinse thoroughly.
Pediatric: Same as adult dosing, suitable for children aged 4 years and older.
Geriatric: No specific dose adjustment needed, but monitor for skin sensitivity.
Renal Impairment: No specific adjustments necessary.
Hepatic Impairment: No specific data; proceed with caution.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Minimal absorption through intact skin.
Distribution: Primarily localized; negligible systemic absorption.
Metabolism: Not extensively metabolized systemically.
Excretion: Excreted mainly in feces; minimal urinary excretion.
Half Life: Data not available; designed for topical use with minimal systemic absorption.
Contraindications
- Allergy to spinosad or components
Precautions
- Use with caution in open scalp lesions or compromised skin.
Adverse Reactions - Common
- Itching or scalp irritation (Common)
- Redness or inflammation at application site (Common)
Adverse Reactions - Serious
- Allergic reactions, including rash, swelling, difficulty breathing (Rare)
Drug-Drug Interactions
- None well-documented
Drug-Food Interactions
- No known interactions
Drug-Herb Interactions
- No known interactions
Nursing Implications
Assessment: Assess for scalp skin integrity and allergic history.
Diagnoses:
- Risk for skin irritation or hypersensitivity
Implementation: Apply as directed, avoiding contact with eyes or mouth.
Evaluation: Monitor for adverse reactions and efficacy in lice eradication.
Patient/Family Teaching
- Apply to dry hair, leave on for 10 minutes, then rinse.
- Avoid contact with eyes, mouth, and open skin lesions.
- Use comb to remove lice and nits after treatment.
Special Considerations
Black Box Warnings:
- None
Genetic Factors: None identified.
Lab Test Interference: None known.
Overdose Management
Signs/Symptoms: Local irritation or systemic symptoms are unlikely due to minimal absorption.
Treatment: Supportive care; discontinue use if adverse reactions develop.
Storage and Handling
Storage: Store at controlled room temperature (15-30°C).
Stability: Stable until expiration date if kept properly sealed.