Nurses Compass
Drug Guide
Trimeprazine Tartrate
Classification
Therapeutic: Antihistamine and antitussive agent
Pharmacological: Tricyclic phenothiazine derivative with antihistaminic and sedative properties
FDA Approved Indications
- Treats cough and pruritus in dogs; not FDA approved for human use
Mechanism of Action
Blocks histamine H1 receptors and possesses anticholinergic and sedative effects, reducing itching and suppressing cough reflex.
Dosage and Administration
Adult: Administer as prescribed by veterinarian; dosage varies based on weight and condition.
Pediatric: Not approved for human pediatric use; use in animals as directed by veterinarian.
Geriatric: Adjust dose based on clinical response and tolerance.
Renal Impairment: Use with caution; renal function may influence drug clearance.
Hepatic Impairment: Use with caution; hepatic function may affect metabolism.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Well absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.
Distribution: Widely distributed; crosses blood-brain barrier.
Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver.
Excretion: Excreted mainly in urine.
Half Life: Approximately 10-15 hours in dogs.
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to trimeprazine or similar phenothiazines.
- Concurrent use with CNS depressants or MAO inhibitors.
Precautions
- Use cautiously in animals with cardiovascular or hepatic disease; monitor for sedation and anticholinergic effects.
Adverse Reactions - Common
- Sedation (Common)
- Dry mouth (Common)
- Hypotension (Less common)
Adverse Reactions - Serious
- Respiratory depression (Rare)
- Allergic reactions (Rare)
Drug-Drug Interactions
- CNS depressants (additive sedative effect)
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (may increase risk of hypotension and sedation)
Drug-Food Interactions
N/ADrug-Herb Interactions
N/ANursing Implications
Assessment: Monitor for sedation, respiratory status, and anticholinergic effects.
Diagnoses:
- Risk for sedation related to drug administration.
- Risk for dry mouth and anticholinergic effects.
Implementation: Administer with food if GI upset occurs; avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants.
Evaluation: Assess reduction in pruritus and cough; monitor for adverse side effects.
Patient/Family Teaching
- Do not operate heavy machinery or drive until response is known.
- Report excessive sedation, dry mouth, or any unusual symptoms.
- Ensure adherence to veterinarian’s dosing instructions.
Special Considerations
Black Box Warnings:
- No FDA black box warnings for human use; used primarily in veterinary medicine.
Genetic Factors: None specific.
Lab Test Interference: Possible interference with liver function tests due to hepatic metabolism.
Overdose Management
Signs/Symptoms: Sedation, agitation, hypotension, respiratory depression.
Treatment: Supportive care; gastric lavage; intravenous fluids; airway management; activated charcoal in early stages.
Storage and Handling
Storage: Store at room temperature, away from light and moisture.
Stability: Stable for 2 years when stored properly.