Home Drug Guide Albuterol

Drug Guide

Generic Name

Albuterol

Brand Names Proventil, Ventolin

Classification

Therapeutic: Bronchodilator

Pharmacological: Beta-2 adrenergic agonist

FDA Approved Indications

Prevention and treatment of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Mechanism of Action

Albuterol stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors in airway smooth muscle, leading to relaxation of bronchial muscles and bronchodilation.

Dosage and Administration

Adult: Inhalation aerosol: 90-180 mcg every 4-6 hours as needed.

Pediatric: Same as adult, dose adjusted based on age and severity of condition.

Geriatric: Similar to adult dosing, with consideration for comorbidities and functional status.

Renal Impairment: Use with caution; no specific dosage adjustment recommended.

Hepatic Impairment: Use with caution; no specific dosage adjustment recommended.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Rapid absorption via inhalation.

Distribution: Distributed widely in the body, minimal serum protein binding.

Metabolism: Primarily hepatic via conjugation and oxidation.

Excretion: Renally excreted as metabolites.

Half Life: Approximately 3.8-6 hours.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to albuterol or other sympathomimetic agents.

Precautions

Use cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, or hyperthyroidism. Use during pregnancy and lactation only if clearly needed.

Adverse Reactions - Common

Tremor (Common)
Nervousness (Common)
Throat irritation (Common)
Cough (Common)
Palpitations (Common)

Adverse Reactions - Serious

Tachycardia (Uncommon)
Arrhythmias (Uncommon)
Hypokalemia (Uncommon)
Paradoxical bronchospasm (Rare)

Drug-Drug Interactions

MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants (may increase side effects)

Drug-Food Interactions

N/A

Drug-Herb Interactions

N/A

Nursing Implications

Assessment: Monitor respiratory status, lung sounds, and vital signs before and after use.

Diagnoses:

Ineffective airway clearance

Implementation: Administer via inhaler as prescribed, use spacer if recommended, educate patient on proper inhaler technique.

Evaluation: Assess improvement in respiratory symptoms and lung function.

Patient/Family Teaching

Use inhaler as directed, do not overuse.
Rinse mouth after inhalation to reduce irritation.
Report side effects such as palpitations, tremors, or worsening symptoms.

Special Considerations

Black Box Warnings:

None specific to albuterol.

Genetic Factors: No known impact.

Lab Test Interference: May affect serum potassium levels, causing hypokalemia.

Overdose Management

Signs/Symptoms: Severe tachycardia, hypokalemia, chest pain, tremors, agitation.

Treatment: Discontinue medication, provide supportive care, monitor cardiac status, administer potassium if hypokalemic.

Storage and Handling

Storage: Store at 20-25°C (68-77°F), away from heat and moisture.

Stability: Stable through expiration when stored properly.