Drug Guide

Generic Name

Aspirin, Methocarbamol

Brand Names Robaxisal, Methocarbamol And Aspirin

Classification

Therapeutic: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Skeletal Muscle Relaxant

Pharmacological: Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID), Muscle Relaxant

FDA Approved Indications

  • Pain relief (mild to moderate pain)
  • Inflammation reduction
  • Muscle spasms associated with musculoskeletal conditions

Mechanism of Action

Aspirin inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis, leading to analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects. Methocarbamol depresses neuronal activity in the brain and spinal cord, producing skeletal muscle relaxation.

Dosage and Administration

Adult: Aspirin: 325-650 mg every 4-6 hours as needed. Methocarbamol: 1500 mg four times daily for muscle spasms.

Pediatric: Use is limited; consult specific guidelines and physician.

Geriatric: Dose adjustment may be necessary due to increased sensitivity and comorbidities.

Renal Impairment: Adjust dose appropriately; monitor renal function.

Hepatic Impairment: Use with caution; no specific adjustment specified.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

Distribution: Widely distributed; crosses the placental barrier, and enters breast milk.

Metabolism: Aspirin is hydrolyzed to salicylic acid; Methocarbamol is metabolized in the liver.

Excretion: Primarily via renal excretion of metabolites.

Half Life: Aspirin: approximately 15-20 minutes (acetylsalicylic acid); Salicylic acid: 2-3 hours; Methocarbamol: approximately 1-2 hours.

Contraindications

  • Hypersensitivity to aspirin or methocarbamol
  • History of salicylate sensitivity or bleeding disorders.
  • Children and teenagers with viral infections (risk of Reye's syndrome).

Precautions

  • Use with caution in peptic ulcer, bleeding disorders, asthma, renal or hepatic impairment.

Adverse Reactions - Common

  • Gastrointestinal upset (Common)
  • Drowsiness, dizziness (Common)

Adverse Reactions - Serious

  • Gastrointestinal bleeding (Less common)
  • Allergic reactions including rash, bronchospasm (Rare)
  • Reye's syndrome in children (Serious, contraindicated in children with viral infections.)

Drug-Drug Interactions

  • Anticoagulants (increased bleeding risk)
  • Other NSAIDs (potentiation of effects)
  • Corticosteroids

Drug-Food Interactions

  • Alcohol (increased gastrointestinal bleeding risk)

Drug-Herb Interactions

  • Ginger, Ginkgo (may increase bleeding risk)

Nursing Implications

Assessment: Monitor for signs of bleeding, gastrointestinal discomfort, allergic reactions, and CNS effects.

Diagnoses:

  • Risk for bleeding
  • Impaired comfort related to pain or adverse effects

Implementation: Administer with food or milk to minimize gastrointestinal irritation. Monitor renal function and complete blood count as needed.

Evaluation: Assess pain relief, inflammation reduction, and monitor for adverse effects.

Patient/Family Teaching

  • Do not take aspirin with other NSAIDs or blood thinners without consulting a healthcare provider.
  • Report any unusual bleeding, rash, or allergic symptoms.
  • Avoid alcohol during therapy.
  • Take methocarbamol exactly as prescribed for muscle spasms.

Special Considerations

Black Box Warnings:

  • Reyes' syndrome risk in children and teenagers with viral infections.
  • Gastrointestinal bleeding risk.

Genetic Factors: Variability in aspirin metabolism may affect efficacy and safety.

Lab Test Interference: Aspirin may affect bleeding time and platelet function tests.

Overdose Management

Signs/Symptoms: Tinnitus, high fever, dehydration, metabolic acidosis, coma.

Treatment: Supportive care, activated charcoal, alkalization of urine, alkalization therapy, hemodialysis in severe cases.

Storage and Handling

Storage: Store at room temperature away from moisture and light.

Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.

This guide is for educational purposes only and is not intended for clinical use.