Drug Guide
Chlophedianol Hydrochloride
Classification
Therapeutic: Antitussive (cough suppressant)
Pharmacological: Antitussive agent
FDA Approved Indications
- Cough suppression related to various causes
Mechanism of Action
Chlophedianol suppresses the cough reflex by acting centrally in the medulla oblongata, though its exact mechanism is not fully understood. It also possesses anticholinergic properties that may reduce cough reflex sensitivity.
Dosage and Administration
Adult: Typically 20-30 mg every 6-8 hours as needed, not exceeding 120 mg per day.
Pediatric: Dosage varies; consult specific pediatric dosing guidelines. Usually, 5-10 mg every 4-6 hours for children aged 6 and above, with careful monitoring.
Geriatric: Use with caution; start at lower doses due to increased sensitivity and comorbidities.
Renal Impairment: Adjust dosage accordingly; monitor for increased effects or toxicity.
Hepatic Impairment: Use with caution; hepatic metabolism may be slowed, increasing risk of side effects.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Well absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.
Distribution: Widely distributed, crosses the blood-brain barrier.
Metabolism: Primarily metabolized in the liver.
Excretion: Excreted mainly via the kidneys.
Half Life: Approximately 3-4 hours.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to chlophedianol or components.
- Patients with chronic cough with mucus as it may mask underlying conditions.
Precautions
- Use cautiously in elderly, with hepatic or renal impairment, or in patients with other central nervous system depressant use. Consider potential anticholinergic side effects.
Adverse Reactions - Common
- Drowsiness (Common)
- Dry mouth (Common)
- Dizziness (Less common)
Adverse Reactions - Serious
- Allergic reactions such as rash, swelling, difficulty breathing (Rare)
- Central nervous system depression or excitation in high doses (Rare)
Drug-Drug Interactions
- CNS depressants (e.g., sedatives, tranquilizers) may increase sedation.
- MAO inhibitors may prolong antitussive effects or cause adverse reactions.
Drug-Food Interactions
N/ADrug-Herb Interactions
N/ANursing Implications
Assessment: Assess cough characteristics and underlying causes. Monitor for adverse effects such as drowsiness or anticholinergic symptoms.
Diagnoses:
- Impaired airway clearance related to suppressed cough reflex.
- Risk for injury related to dizziness or sedation.
Implementation: Administer as directed. Observe for adverse reactions. Encourage cautious activities until effects are known.
Evaluation: Determine effectiveness in suppressing cough without adverse effects.
Patient/Family Teaching
- Instruct to follow dosing instructions carefully.
- Warn about potential drowsiness and avoid driving or operating machinery.
- Advise to report signs of allergic reactions or side effects.
- Encourage hydration and non-drug measures to soothe cough.
Special Considerations
Black Box Warnings:
- Not specifically flagged for black box warnings.
- Use caution in older adults due to increased sensitivity.
Genetic Factors: No well-established genetic factors affecting this drug.
Lab Test Interference: No specific interference reported.
Overdose Management
Signs/Symptoms: Drowsiness, hallucinations, central nervous system depression, anticholinergic toxicity (dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision).
Treatment: Supportive care, activated charcoal if within appropriate time frame, and symptomatic treatment. Consider airway management and hospitalization if severe.
Storage and Handling
Storage: Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.