Nurses Compass
Drug Guide
Clioquinol
Classification
Therapeutic: Antiprotozoal and Antifungal agent
Pharmacological: Ionophore with antimicrobial and antiparasitic properties
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of intestinal amoebiasis, bacterial infections, and other protozoal infections; off-label uses include topical antifungal applications
Mechanism of Action
Clioquinol acts by disrupting the enzyme systems of microorganisms and protozoa, impairing vital functions leading to cell death. It also has metal-chelating properties that inhibit oxidative enzymes.
Dosage and Administration
Adult: Typically 300 mg orally three times daily for intestinal infections. Duration depends on the infection type.
Pediatric: Dosing varies with age and weight; should be guided by a healthcare provider.
Geriatric: Adjust dosage based on renal and hepatic function.
Renal Impairment: Use cautiously; possible dose reduction required.
Hepatic Impairment: Use with caution; monitor liver function.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Moderate oral absorption, varies among individuals.
Distribution: Widely distributed in tissues, crosses the blood-brain barrier.
Metabolism: Metabolized partially in the liver.
Excretion: Primarily excreted via the urine.
Half Life: Approximately 4-6 hours.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to clioquinol or related compounds.
- History of neurological disorders.
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with neurological disorders, renal impairment, or hepatic impairment. Monitor for neurotoxicity. Avoid in pregnancy and lactation unless benefits outweigh risks.
Adverse Reactions - Common
- Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (Common)
- Headache, dizziness (Uncommon)
Adverse Reactions - Serious
- Neurological toxicity, including optic neuropathy and ataxia (Rare)
- Gastrointestinal disturbances (Common (when overdosed))
Drug-Drug Interactions
- Potential metal interactions with chelators, other neurotoxic agents.
Drug-Food Interactions
- No significant interactions documented.
Drug-Herb Interactions
- Limited data; consult healthcare provider about herbal supplements.
Nursing Implications
Assessment: Monitor neurological status, renal and hepatic functions.
Diagnoses:
- Risk for neurotoxicity
- Risk for gastrointestinal disturbances
Implementation: Administer as prescribed, monitor for adverse effects, and educate patient.
Evaluation: Assess effectiveness, monitor for adverse reactions, and adjust dose as needed.
Patient/Family Teaching
- Take medication exactly as prescribed.
- Report any neurological symptoms such as visual disturbances, dizziness, or weakness.
- Follow up on liver and kidney function tests.
- Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic substances.
Special Considerations
Black Box Warnings:
- Neurological toxicity; use caution.
Genetic Factors: None specifically documented.
Lab Test Interference: May interfere with certain laboratory tests, use caution when interpreting results.
Overdose Management
Signs/Symptoms: Severe neurological symptoms, gastrointestinal distress.
Treatment: Supportive care; no specific antidote. Prompt removal of drug via activated charcoal if within suitable time frame.
Storage and Handling
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place away from light.
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions for up to 2 years.