Generic Name

Desoxycorticosterone Pivalate

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Classification

FDA Approved Indications

• Treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) in dogs

Mechanism of Action

Desoxycorticosterone Pivalate is a mineralocorticoid hormone that mimics aldosterone, promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys, thereby helping to restore electrolyte balance and blood pressure.

Dosage and Administration

Adult: Dosage varies based on clinical response and patient condition; typically administered per veterinary guidance.

Pediatric: N/A (used in veterinary medicine, primarily in dogs)

Geriatric: Dose adjustments may be needed based on renal function and electrolyte status.

Renal Impairment: Use cautiously; monitor electrolytes and renal function.

Hepatic Impairment: Use with caution; no specific dosage adjustments documented.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Intramuscular injection leading to slow absorption.

Distribution: Bound extensively to plasma proteins.

Metabolism: Primarily hepatic metabolism.

Excretion: Renal excretion of metabolites.

Half Life: Approximately 55 hours in dogs.

Contraindications

• Hyperkalemia, systemic fungal infections

Precautions

• Monitor electrolyte levels regularly, especially sodium and potassium.
• Use cautiously in patients with hypertension or heart failure.
• Avoid concurrent use with potassium-sparing diuretics or ACE inhibitors unless monitored closely.

Adverse Reactions - Common

• Polyuria, polydipsia (Common)
• Hypertension (Common)

Adverse Reactions - Serious

• Salt retention leading to edema, congestive heart failure (Rare)
• Adrenal suppression with long-term use (Rare)

Drug-Drug Interactions

• Potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs

Drug-Food Interactions

N/A

Drug-Herb Interactions

N/A

Nursing Implications

Patient/Family Teaching

• Notify veterinarian if signs of swelling, weight gain, or hypertension occur.
• Ensure medication schedule is followed.
• Report any adverse reactions or unusual symptoms promptly.

Special Considerations

Black Box Warnings:

• None specifically for this medication, but caution advised in patients with heart failure or hypertension.

Genetic Factors: N/A

Lab Test Interference: May alter serum electrolyte levels, influencing laboratory assessments.

Overdose Management

Signs/Symptoms: Signs of fluid overload, hypertension, elevated sodium levels.

Treatment: Discontinue medication, provide supportive care, and manage symptoms accordingly.

Storage and Handling

Storage: Store at controlled room temperature, away from light and moisture.

Stability: Stable for prescribed duration when stored properly.