Nurses Compass
Drug Guide
Glycine
Classification
Therapeutic: Nutritional supplement, Adjunct in certain medical conditions
Pharmacological: Amino acid, Neurotransmitter
FDA Approved Indications
- Not officially approved by FDA as a drug but used as a nutritional supplement or investigational agent in clinical studies
Mechanism of Action
Glycine acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system by binding to glycine receptors, leading to chloride influx and neuronal hyperpolarization; it also functions in the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules.
Dosage and Administration
Adult: Typically used as a supplement or in clinical trials; dosage varies based on specific indications.
Pediatric: Use is off-label; consult healthcare provider.
Geriatric: Adjust based on renal and hepatic function, monitoring for adverse effects.
Renal Impairment: Monitor closely; dosage adjustments may be necessary due to altered metabolism.
Hepatic Impairment: Use with caution; no specific guidelines, but hepatic metabolism may influence dosing.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Well absorbed from gastrointestinal tract when administered orally.
Distribution: Widely distributed in tissues; crosses blood-brain barrier.
Metabolism: Metabolized in the liver via various pathways including glycine cleavage system.
Excretion: Excreted primarily via the kidneys.
Half Life: Approximately 3 hours in plasma.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to glycine or any component of the formulation.
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with renal or hepatic impairment; monitor renal function and metabolic status.
Adverse Reactions - Common
- Gastrointestinal upset (Rare)
- Dizziness (Rare)
Adverse Reactions - Serious
- Allergic reactions (rash, pruritus, swelling) (Rare)
- Hyperglycemia in susceptible individuals (Rare)
Drug-Drug Interactions
- None well-documented; however, caution with drugs affecting central nervous system or renal function.
Drug-Food Interactions
- No significant interactions.
Drug-Herb Interactions
- Limited data; consult healthcare provider before combining with herbal supplements.
Nursing Implications
Assessment: Monitor neurological status, hydration, and renal function.
Diagnoses:
- Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements (if used as supplement)
- Risk for electrolyte imbalance
Implementation: Administer as prescribed; monitor for adverse effects.
Evaluation: Assess patient response and tolerability; monitor laboratory parameters as indicated.
Patient/Family Teaching
- Inform about the purpose of glycine supplementation.
- Report any side effects such as allergic reactions or unusual symptoms.
- Maintain adequate hydration and follow prescribed dosing.
Special Considerations
Black Box Warnings: N/A
Genetic Factors: None specific.
Lab Test Interference: No significant interference reported.
Overdose Management
Signs/Symptoms: Potential CNS depression, hypotension, dysglycemia, or allergic reactions.
Treatment: Supportive care; symptomatic treatment; monitor vital signs; activate emergency services if severe symptoms occur.
Storage and Handling
Storage: Store at room temperature away from light and moisture.
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions; consult manufacturer for shelf life.