Drug Guide
Multivitamin formulations containing Alpha-tocopherol Acetate, Ascorbic Acid, Biotin, Cholecalciferol, Cyanocobalamin, Dexpanthenol, Folic Acid, Niacinamide, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Riboflavin 5'-phosphate Sodium, Thiamine Hydrochloride, Vitamin A Palmitate, Vitamin K (Infuvite Adult)
Classification
Therapeutic: Vitamin and mineral supplementation
Pharmacological: Combination of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins
FDA Approved Indications
- Prevention and treatment of vitamin deficiencies in adults, especially in patients requiring parenteral nutrition or with malabsorption syndromes.
Mechanism of Action
Provides essential vitamins that serve as coenzymes or cofactors in various metabolic pathways, supporting overall nutritional status and specific functions like blood coagulation, energy production, and cell health.
Dosage and Administration
Adult: As prescribed by healthcare provider, usually administered once daily or as per clinical need.
Pediatric: Not standardly indicated for pediatric use; consult specific product labeling.
Geriatric: Adjust dosage based on nutritional needs and medical condition.
Renal Impairment: Use with caution; adjust dosage if necessary, monitor vitamin levels.
Hepatic Impairment: Adjustments not typically required; monitor hepatic function as needed.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Absorbed in the small intestine; fat-soluble vitamins require bile salts.
Distribution: Distributed widely in body tissues; stored in liver and adipose tissue.
Metabolism: Largely occurs in the liver for fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins are excreted mostly unchanged.
Excretion: Water-soluble vitamins are excreted via urine; fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body's fat tissues.
Half Life: Varies depending on specific vitamin; generally days to weeks for fat-soluble vitamins.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to any component.
- Known mast cell disease for vitamin K.
- For certain vitamins, caution in patients with specific conditions (e.g., hypervitaminosis).
Precautions
- Monitor vitamin levels; avoid excess supplementation; renal or hepatic impairment may necessitate dose adjustments.
Adverse Reactions - Common
- Nausea, gastrointestinal upset (Common)
- Allergic reactions (rash, itching) (Uncommon)
Adverse Reactions - Serious
- Hypervitaminosis A or D leading to toxicity (Rare)
- Anaphylaxis (rare, with injectable forms) (Rare)
Drug-Drug Interactions
- Warfarin (vitamin K may antagonize effect)
- Certain anticonvulsants and chemotherapeutic agents affecting vitamin metabolism.
Drug-Food Interactions
N/ADrug-Herb Interactions
N/ANursing Implications
Assessment: Assess nutritional status and vitamin levels periodically.
Diagnoses:
- Risk for deficiency/excess of vitamins.
- Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements.
Implementation: Administer as ordered, preferably with meals to enhance absorption; monitor for adverse reactions.
Evaluation: Evaluate nutritional status and clinical response; monitor for signs of toxicity or deficiency.
Patient/Family Teaching
- Take vitamins as directed; do not exceed recommended doses.
- Report any unusual symptoms, such as gastrointestinal distress or allergic reactions.
- Maintain a balanced diet to complement supplementation.
Special Considerations
Black Box Warnings: N/A
Genetic Factors: Genetic variations can impact vitamin metabolism.
Lab Test Interference: May alter certain lab results; e.g., high doses of vitamins can interfere with blood coagulation tests.
Overdose Management
Signs/Symptoms: Hypervitaminosis, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, neurological symptoms.
Treatment: Discontinue vitamin supplement; supportive care; in severe cases, hospitalize and provide symptomatic treatment.
Storage and Handling
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place away from light.
Stability: Stable under recommended conditions; check specific product stability data.