Home Drug Guide Lidocaine Hydrochloride

Drug Guide

Generic Name

Lidocaine Hydrochloride

Brand Names Xylocaine, Xylocaine Viscous, Xylocaine 4% Preservative Free, Xylocaine 5% W/ Glucose 7.5%, Xylocaine 1.5% W/ Dextrose 7.5%, Xylocaine Preservative Free, Lidopen, Lidocaine Hydrochloride Preservative Free, Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.2% In Dextrose 5% In Plastic Container, Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.4% In Dextrose 5% In Plastic Container, Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.8% In Dextrose 5% In Plastic Container, Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.1% And Dextrose 5% In Plastic Container, Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.2% And Dextrose 5% In Plastic Container, Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.4% And Dextrose 5% In Plastic Container, Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.8% And Dextrose 5% In Plastic Container, Xylocaine Dental, Zingo, Akten, Lidocaine Hydrochloride Preservative Free In Plastic Container, Lidocaine Hydrochloride Viscous, Lta Ii Kit, Anestacon, Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.2% In Dextrose 5%, Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.4% In Dextrose 5%, Lidocaine Hydrochloride 5% And Dextrose 7.5%, Alphacaine Hydrochloride, Lidocaton, Pediatric Lta Kit, Laryng-o-jet Kit, Laryngotracheal Anesthesia Kit, Lidocaine Hydrochloride In Plastic Container, Lidocaine Viscous, Glydo

Classification

Therapeutic: Local anesthetic

Pharmacological: Amide-type local anesthetic

FDA Approved Indications

Local anesthesia for various surgical, dental, diagnostic, or therapeutic procedures.

Mechanism of Action

Lidocaine stabilizes neuronal membranes by inhibiting the ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses, resulting in local anesthetic effect.

Dosage and Administration

Adult: Dose depends on procedure and site; typically, 40-300 mg per use for infiltration, less for topical use.

Pediatric: Dosing based on weight and age; generally 1-2 mg/kg for local infiltration.

Geriatric: Start with lower end of dosing range due to increased sensitivity and potential comorbidities.

Renal Impairment: Use with caution; no specific dosage adjustment established.

Hepatic Impairment: Use with caution; metabolized primarily in the liver.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Readily absorbed when applied topically or injected.

Distribution: Widely distributed; crosses placental barrier.

Metabolism: Primarily metabolized in the liver via CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 enzymes.

Excretion: Excreted mainly by the kidneys as metabolites.

Half Life: Approximately 1.5 to 2 hours in healthy adults.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to lidocaine or other amide-type local anesthetics.

Precautions

Use with caution in patients with heart block, severe liver disease, or impaired cardiac function.

Adverse Reactions - Common

Localized swelling, redness, or pain at injection site. (Common)
Transient neurological symptoms like numbness or tingling. (Common)

Adverse Reactions - Serious

Allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. (Rare)
Cardiovascular reactions, such as hypotension, arrhythmias. (Rare)

Drug-Drug Interactions

CNS depressants, other local anesthetics, antiarrhythmics such as mexiletine.
drug_food:

Drug-Food Interactions

N/A

Drug-Herb Interactions

N/A

Nursing Implications

Assessment: Monitor for allergic reactions, neurological status, cardiovascular stability.

Diagnoses:

Risk for allergic reaction
Impaired tissue integrity

Implementation: Administer according to prescribed dose and method, ensure proper site and technique, monitor patient during and after administration.

Evaluation: Assess for effective anesthesia and adverse reactions.

Patient/Family Teaching

Report any allergic reactions immediately.
Do not eat or drink until numbness wears off to prevent choking or biting.
Follow instructions on specific formulation use.

Special Considerations

Black Box Warnings:

Potential for systemic toxicity if administered incorrectly or in excessive doses.

Genetic Factors: Metabolism may vary based on CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 enzyme activity.

Lab Test Interference: None known.

Overdose Management

Signs/Symptoms: Central nervous system excitation (tremors, seizures), cardiovascular depression, respiratory arrest.

Treatment: Supportive care, airway management, benzodiazepines for seizures, lipid emulsion therapy for systemic toxicity.

Storage and Handling

Storage: Store at room temperature, protected from light.

Stability: Stable for the duration specified in the product labeling.