Home Drug Guide Multiple electrolytes and dextrose solutions

Drug Guide

Generic Name

Multiple electrolytes and dextrose solutions

Brand Names Plasma-lyte 148 And Dextrose 5% In Plastic Container, Normosol-R And Dextrose 5% In Plastic Container, Isolyte S W/ Dextrose 5% In Plastic Container, Isolyte S In Dextrose 5% In Plastic Container

Classification

Therapeutic: Intravenous electrolyte and fluid replenishment

Pharmacological: Balanced electrolyte solution with dextrose

FDA Approved Indications

Fluid and electrolyte replenishment in dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, metabolic acidosis, and as maintenance fluids

Mechanism of Action

Provides essential electrolytes and glucose to restore and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body

Dosage and Administration

Adult: Dosing based on clinical assessment—typically as per physician orders, administered via IV infusion

Pediatric: Dosing varies with age, weight, and clinical condition; guided by pediatric protocols

Geriatric: Adjustments based on underlying renal function and clinical status; close monitoring recommended

Renal Impairment: Use with caution; monitor serum electrolytes and kidney function

Hepatic Impairment: Adjustments typically not necessary, but monitor closely

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: By intravenous administration, immediate bioavailability

Distribution: Distributes within extracellular fluid compartment

Metabolism: Electrolytes are metabolized naturally in metabolism and cellular function; dextrose is metabolized in tissues

Excretion: Electrolytes excreted via kidneys; glucose metabolites eliminated in urine

Half Life: Dependent on renal function and metabolic rate

Contraindications

Hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, hypersensitivity to components

Precautions

Assess serum electrolyte levels regularly during infusion, especially in renal impairment or with compromised cardiac or renal function

Adverse Reactions - Common

Phlebitis at infusion site (Common)
Electrolyte imbalance (e.g., hyperkalemia, hypernatremia) (Variable)

Adverse Reactions - Serious

Cardiac arrhythmias due to electrolyte imbalance (Serious if mismanaged)
Anaphylaxis (Rare)

Drug-Drug Interactions

Potassium-sparing diuretics may increase potassium levels
Certain medications affecting electrolytes (e.g., digoxin) require monitoring

Drug-Food Interactions

N/A

Drug-Herb Interactions

N/A

Nursing Implications

Assessment: Monitor serum electrolytes, blood glucose, renal function, and infusion site regularly

Diagnoses:

Risk for electrolyte imbalance
Risk for fluid overload

Implementation: Administer IV slowly as per ordered rate, monitor patient closely for adverse reactions

Evaluation: Assess fluid status, electrolyte balance, and effectiveness of therapy

Patient/Family Teaching

Report pain, swelling, or redness at infusion site
Notify provider of any signs of allergic reaction (rash, difficulty breathing)
Follow instructions regarding IV site care and access

Special Considerations

Black Box Warnings:

None specific but monitor electrolytes carefully

Genetic Factors: None applicable

Lab Test Interference: Serum electrolyte levels may be affected during infusion

Overdose Management

Signs/Symptoms: Electrolyte disturbances such as hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, or volume overload

Treatment: Discontinue infusion, manage symptoms with appropriate medications, correct electrolyte disturbances, supportive care as needed

Storage and Handling

Storage: Store at controlled room temperature, protect from light

Stability: Stable until expiration if unopened; once opened, use promptly as per facility policy