Generic Name

Sorbitol

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Classification

FDA Approved Indications

• Constipation relief
• Bowel cleansing prior to medical procedures

Mechanism of Action

Sorbitol acts as an osmotic agent in the gastrointestinal tract, drawing water into the lumen of the intestine, which softens stool and stimulates bowel movements.

Dosage and Administration

Adult: Typically, 30-50 grams orally once daily as needed for constipation. For bowel cleansing, specific pre-procedure instructions should be followed.

Pediatric: Dosing varies; usually 0.5-1 g/kg per day in divided doses for children, under medical supervision.

Geriatric: Adjust dose cautiously due to potential for electrolyte imbalance and renal function; start at lower end of dosing range.

Renal Impairment: Use with caution; monitor electrolytes and renal function.

Hepatic Impairment: No specific adjustments; use caution.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Poorly absorbed; acts locally in the GI tract.

Distribution: Limited systemic absorption.

Metabolism: Not significantly metabolized systemically.

Excretion: Primarily excreted unchanged in feces; minimal renal excretion.

Half Life: N/A; acts locally in GI tract.

Contraindications

• Bowel obstruction
• Severe dehydration
• Electrolyte imbalances

Precautions

• Use with caution in patients with renal impairment, cardiac disease, or electrolyte disturbances.

Adverse Reactions - Common

• Diarrhea (Common)
• Abdominal cramping (Uncommon)

Adverse Reactions - Serious

• Electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia, hyponatremia) (Rare)
• Dehydration (Rare)

Drug-Drug Interactions

• Other osmotically active agents that may increase risk of electrolyte disturbances.

Drug-Food Interactions

N/A

Drug-Herb Interactions

N/A

Nursing Implications

Patient/Family Teaching

• Take as directed, with plenty of water.
• Report symptoms of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, or persistent diarrhea.
• Avoid use if bowel obstruction is suspected.

Special Considerations

Black Box Warnings:

• None specific for sorbitol.

Genetic Factors: None established.

Lab Test Interference: May cause false positives in some stool tests for occult blood.

Overdose Management

Signs/Symptoms: Diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte disturbances.

Treatment: Discontinue sorbitol, replace fluids and electrolytes, supportive care as needed.

Storage and Handling

Storage: Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.

Stability: Stable under appropriate conditions; check manufacturer’s expiration date.