Home Drug Guide Cefpodoxime Proxetil

Drug Guide

Generic Name

Cefpodoxime Proxetil

Brand Names Vantin, Banan

Classification

Therapeutic: Antibiotic, Cephalosporin third generation

Pharmacological: Beta-lactam antibiotic, Cephalosporin

FDA Approved Indications

Bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, and soft tissues

Mechanism of Action

Cefpodoxime Proxetil inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, leading to cell lysis and death.

Dosage and Administration

Adult: Usually 200 mg every 12 hours or 100 mg every 12 hours for urinary tract infections, adjusted based on severity and site of infection.

Pediatric: Based on weight; typical dose is 8 mg/kg/day divided every 12 hours.

Geriatric: Dosage adjustments based on renal function.

Renal Impairment: Adjust dosage for significant renal impairment; monitor renal function.

Hepatic Impairment: No specific adjustment needed.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Well absorbed orally, with about 50% bioavailability.

Distribution: Widely distributed in body tissues and fluids.

Metabolism: Not extensively metabolized.

Excretion: Primarily excreted unchanged in urine.

Half Life: Approximately 2-4 hours.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to cefpodoxime or other cephalosporins.

Precautions

Use with caution in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to penicillins due to potential cross-reactivity.
Monitor for signs of allergic reactions.

Adverse Reactions - Common

Diarrhea (Common)
Nausea (Common)
Rash (Common)

Adverse Reactions - Serious

Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (Serious)
Anaphylaxis (Serious)
Hematologic reactions (e.g., eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia) (Serious)

Drug-Drug Interactions

Probenecid (can increase cefpodoxime levels)
Antacids (may decrease absorption)

Drug-Food Interactions

N/A

Drug-Herb Interactions

N/A

Nursing Implications

Assessment: Monitor for allergic reactions, renal function, and response to therapy.

Diagnoses:

Risk for allergy reaction
Impaired renal function

Implementation: Administer with food to enhance absorption; educate patient on adherence and potential side effects.

Evaluation: Assess resolution of infection symptoms, monitor for adverse reactions.

Patient/Family Teaching

Take medication exactly as prescribed.
Report any signs of allergic reactions or severe gastrointestinal symptoms.
Complete the full course of treatment.
Avoid alcohol and certain foods that may interfere with absorption.

Special Considerations

Black Box Warnings: N/A

Genetic Factors: None specific.

Lab Test Interference: May cause false positive results for urine glucose tests with some methods.

Overdose Management

Signs/Symptoms: Severe diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.

Treatment: Supportive care, possible use of activated charcoal if ingestion was recent, dialysis in severe cases.

Storage and Handling

Storage: Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.

Stability: Stable for several years when stored properly.