Home Drug Guide Iodixanol

Drug Guide

Generic Name

Iodixanol

Brand Names Visipaque 270, Visipaque 320

Classification

Therapeutic: Diagnostic radiocontrast agent

Pharmacological: Iso-osmolar nonionic radiocontrast medium

FDA Approved Indications

X-ray imaging of blood vessels and the urinary tract
Computed tomography (CT) imaging

Mechanism of Action

Iodixanol enhances the contrast of blood vessels and organs during imaging procedures by increasing the attenuation of X-rays in the contrast-filled areas, providing better visualization.

Dosage and Administration

Adult: Dosing based on the type of procedure and patient weight; administered intravenously. Administer as prescribed by the physician.

Pediatric: Dosing customized based on weight and age, by protocol and physician discretion.

Geriatric: Use with caution, considering renal function and cardiovascular status.

Renal Impairment: Adjust dose or consider alternative imaging if renal impairment is present.

Hepatic Impairment: No specific dose adjustments established.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption: Not absorbed orally; administered intravenously for imaging.

Distribution: Distributes within the extracellular fluid compartments.

Metabolism: Not metabolized; remains unchanged.

Excretion: Primarily excreted unchanged via the kidneys.

Half Life: Approximately 2 hours in patients with normal renal function.

Contraindications

Known hypersensitivity to iodixanol or other contrast media.
Previous allergic reactions to contrast agents.

Precautions

Use with caution in patients with renal impairment, asthma, multiple myeloma, or allergies to iodine.
Monitor renal function before and after administration.
Premedicate in patients with known contrast hypersensitivity if indicated.

Adverse Reactions - Common

Nausea (Common)
Warm flushing sensation (Common)
Headache (Common)

Adverse Reactions - Serious

Anaphylactic reactions (Rare)
Contrast-induced nephropathy (Moderate to high risk in susceptible patients)

Drug-Drug Interactions

Other nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, NSAIDs)
Beta-blockers and other drugs affecting renal function

Drug-Food Interactions

N/A

Drug-Herb Interactions

N/A

Nursing Implications

Assessment: Evaluate allergy history, renal function, and hydration status before administration.

Diagnoses:

Risk for allergic reaction
Risk for renal impairment

Implementation: Administer as ordered, monitor for adverse reactions, ensure hydration.

Evaluation: Assess for adverse reactions and changes in renal function post-administration.

Patient/Family Teaching

Report any allergic reactions such as rash, itching, or difficulty breathing.
Inform about the importance of remaining well-hydrated before and after the procedure.
Notify healthcare providers of any previous reactions to contrast media.

Special Considerations

Black Box Warnings:

Risk of allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.
Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.

Genetic Factors: No specific genetic factors known.

Lab Test Interference: May interfere with thyroid function tests shortly after administration.

Overdose Management

Signs/Symptoms: Symptoms of overdose may include persistent nausea, vomiting, or allergic reactions.

Treatment: Supportive care; discontinue contrast, treat allergic reactions if present, ensure renal function is supported.

Storage and Handling

Storage: Store at room temperature, away from light and moisture.

Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.