Drug Guide
Zinc Sulfate
Classification
Therapeutic: Mineral and Electrolyte Replacement
Pharmacological: Zinc salt
FDA Approved Indications
- Zinc deficiency prevention and treatment
- Acrodermatitis enteropathica (off-label)
Mechanism of Action
Zinc is an essential mineral involved in numerous aspects of cellular metabolism. It functions as a cofactor for numerous enzymes and has roles in immune function, protein synthesis, wound healing, DNA synthesis, and cell division.
Dosage and Administration
Adult: Typically 220 mg (50 mg elemental zinc) once daily, as directed.
Pediatric: Dosing varies based on age; often 10-20 mg elemental zinc daily, under medical supervision.
Geriatric: Similar to adults; dose adjustments based on renal function and dietary intake.
Renal Impairment: Use cautiously; monitor zinc levels and renal function.
Hepatic Impairment: No specific adjustments necessary.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Absorbed in the small intestine, primarily in the jejunum.
Distribution: Widely distributed in body tissues.
Metabolism: Not metabolized; excreted mostly unchanged.
Excretion: Primarily via feces, with some urinary excretion.
Half Life: Approximately 10-14 hours.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to zinc or any component of the formulation.
Precautions
- Use with caution in patients with Wilson's disease, as zinc may interfere with copper absorption.
- Monitor for signs of zinc toxicity in long-term use.
Adverse Reactions - Common
- Gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea, abdominal pain) (Common)
- Metallic taste (Common)
Adverse Reactions - Serious
- Zinc toxicity leading to copper deficiency, anemia, nephrotoxicity (Rare)
Drug-Drug Interactions
- Chronic renal failure medications, penicillamine, tetracyclines (may interfere with absorption).
Drug-Food Interactions
- High phytate or fiber content in diet can reduce zinc absorption.
Drug-Herb Interactions
N/ANursing Implications
Assessment: Assess zinc status if deficiency is suspected; monitor for adverse reactions during therapy.
Diagnoses:
- Risk for deficiency related to inadequate intake.
- Ineffective therapeutic regimen management.
Implementation: Administer as prescribed, preferably with food to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort.
Evaluation: Monitor symptoms of deficiency or toxicity, and zinc levels if indicated.
Patient/Family Teaching
- Take zinc supplements with meals to decrease gastrointestinal upset.
- Avoid excessive zinc intake; adhere to prescribed doses.
- Report any adverse reactions or signs of toxicity.
Special Considerations
Black Box Warnings:
- None established.
Genetic Factors: Patients with Wilson's disease should avoid zinc supplements unless directed by a healthcare provider.
Lab Test Interference: Zinc supplements can interfere with copper and iron laboratory tests.
Overdose Management
Signs/Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness, copper deficiency symptoms.
Treatment: Discontinue zinc, supportive care, chelation therapy if severe toxicity.
Storage and Handling
Storage: Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.